An Informational-Geometry Hypothesis for the Universe’s Missing Components: A Falsifiable Structural-Pressure Research Program
Kevin L. Brown
Independent Researcher
Creation Unified
Abstract
Dark matter and dark energy are inferred because standard cosmology requires non-baryonic gravitational structure and an accelerating expansion component to fit observations. The ΛCDM model remains empirically powerful, but the physical identity of dark matter and the microphysical origin of dark energy remain unresolved. This paper presents a falsifiable research program rather than a completed replacement theory. It proposes that some portion of the phenomena attributed to dark matter and dark energy may arise from an omitted physical variable: informational geometry. In this hypothesis, information is treated as a candidate physically relevant structuring variable whose density, gradients, topology, coherence, and persistence may contribute to residual gravitational and cosmological behavior. The paper defines a structural-divergence pressure index, dimensionless informational-structure proxies, explicit out-of-sample tests, and falsification criteria. It also identifies the theoretical conditions required for the hypothesis to become a viable physical theory, including a covariant action, a stress-energy contribution, compatibility with the CMB acoustic spectrum, and success in cluster-collision systems such as the Bullet Cluster. The hypothesis fails if informational proxies cannot be independently defined, cannot reduce residual divergence across independent datasets, cannot reproduce early-universe constraints, or are superseded by confirmed dark-sector physics.
Section 01 — Hypothesis Statement
This paper addresses the cosmological missing-component problem: the discrepancy between observed gravitational and expansion behavior and predictions based on visible baryonic matter, general relativity, and known particle physics alone.
The hypothesis is:
Cosmological missing-component anomalies accumulate measurable structural divergence because current models omit a physically relevant informational-geometry term. When structural divergence exceeds a critical threshold, cosmology must resolve through particle discovery, dark-energy mechanism discovery, gravitational model revision, informational-field integration, correction of systematic error, or another structural reorganization. If sustained high divergence persists without discovery, revision, or predictive improvement, the hypothesis is falsified as a useful scientific model.
System under analysis: galaxy dynamics, gravitational lensing, cluster collisions, CMB constraints, large-scale structure, expansion history, and early structure formation.
Structural model: matter-energy, spacetime geometry, and informational geometry are treated as potentially coupled components.
Variables measured: rotation-curve residuals, lensing residuals, cosmic-web topology, morphological coherence, configurational entropy gradients, high-redshift structure abundance, CMB acoustic constraints, direct-detection limits, expansion-rate divergence, and cross-dataset residual error.
Section 02 — Scope and Theoretical Boundary
This paper does not yet provide a completed covariant field theory. It does not derive a final Lagrangian density, local equations of motion, or a fully specified stress-energy tensor for informational geometry. Therefore, it should not be read as a finished competitor to ΛCDM, particle dark matter, modified gravity, or dynamical dark energy.
Its more limited claim is that informational geometry can be framed as a falsifiable missing-variable hypothesis. The present paper defines measurable proxies and empirical tests that would determine whether the hypothesis deserves further theoretical development.
A complete physical theory would require an action of the form:
S = ∫ d4x √−g [c4 / 16πG (R − 2Λ) + Lm + Linfo]
where Lm is the matter Lagrangian and Linfo is an informational-field Lagrangian. A viable Linfo must define the informational field, its units, its couplings, its propagation behavior, its contribution to the stress-energy tensor, and its effect on geodesics and cosmic expansion.
Until such a theory is derived and tested, the informational proxies defined below are statistical and metrological tools, not fundamental physical equations.
Section 03 — Hypothesis Definition
The hypothesis does not claim that dark matter and dark energy are unreal as observational inferences. It claims that the underlying cause may be partly misclassified. Instead of assuming that all missing gravitational and expansion effects arise from unseen particles or vacuum energy alone, this model asks whether an omitted informational-geometry component explains some residual behavior.
The hypothesis is false if:
A. A dark-matter particle is directly detected with properties sufficient to explain the dominant missing-mass observations without an informational term.
B. Dark-energy observations converge on a standard physical mechanism that explains cosmic acceleration without residual divergence.
C. Informational proxies fail to correlate with residual gravitational or cosmological behavior after controlling for baryonic mass, environment, redshift, and standard model parameters.
D. The model succeeds only through post hoc fitting rather than preregistered prediction.
E. ΛCDM or an accepted extension resolves the relevant anomalies without requiring an omitted informational variable.
F. The hypothesis cannot be made compatible with the CMB acoustic power spectrum and cluster-collision lensing data.
Section 04 — THD Framework and Structural-Pressure Model
Triune Harmonic Dynamics frames systems through three phases: base, pressure, and integration.
Base Phase: ΛCDM functions as the present equilibrium model. It successfully fits the cosmic microwave background, baryon acoustic oscillations, large-scale structure, and many expansion-history observations.
Pressure Phase: structural divergence accumulates where the model requires inferred but undetected components, unresolved mechanisms, persistent cross-dataset tensions, or unexplained residuals. Relevant pressure points include dark-matter non-detection, galaxy-scale residuals, gravitational lensing structure, the Hubble tension, early massive galaxy observations, and unexplained dark-energy mechanism.
Integration Phase: the system resolves through discovery, revision, or reorganization. Possible resolutions include direct particle detection, a confirmed dark-energy mechanism, modified gravity, corrected measurement systematics, or integration of an informational-geometry variable.
Section 05 — System Definition
System boundaries: observable cosmological structure from early-universe perturbations to present-day galaxy dynamics and cosmic expansion.
Variables: baryonic mass, inferred lensing mass, rotation velocity, gravitational potential, redshift, Hubble expansion rate, CMB acoustic peak structure, high-redshift galaxy abundance, cosmic-web position, configurational entropy, morphology, persistence, and direct-detection exclusion limits.
Interactions: matter-energy curves spacetime; spacetime constrains matter-energy; informational structure is hypothesized to contribute additional geometric organization measurable through residual gravitational or expansion effects.
Observables: galaxy rotation curves, weak and strong lensing maps, cluster collision systems, CMB temperature and polarization spectra, BAO/SN expansion data, JWST high-redshift galaxy surveys, direct-detection results, and residual maps from ΛCDM and comparison models.
Measurement methods: rotation-curve fitting, lensing reconstruction, CMB/BAO/SN parameter estimation, cosmic-web graph analysis, galaxy morphology classification, entropy-gradient mapping, high-redshift abundance modeling, cluster-collision reconstruction, and cross-validation against standard dark-matter and modified-gravity models.
Section 06 — Prior Evidence and Structural Divergence
The motivation for this hypothesis is not that ΛCDM fails globally. It is that unresolved pressure points persist within an otherwise successful framework.
Dark matter is gravitationally inferred but remains directly undetected as a particle. Experiments such as LUX-ZEPLIN have increased sensitivity without confirming WIMP-like dark matter.
Dark energy fits expansion data phenomenologically, but its physical mechanism remains unsettled.
The Hubble tension persists between early-universe inference and late-universe distance-ladder measurements under standard assumptions.
JWST observations have produced high-redshift galaxy candidates that stress assumptions about early galaxy formation, stellar mass assembly, or cosmological parameters.
Cluster lensing systems, including Bullet Cluster-like separations between X-ray gas and lensing peaks, remain severe tests for non-particle explanations.
These pressure points do not prove informational physics. They define where falsifiable tests must be placed.
Section 07 — Structural Divergence Pressure Index
The term “pressure” is used here diagnostically, not thermodynamically. It is not physical pressure in the FLRW stress-energy sense and does not directly enter the Friedmann equations. It is a structural-divergence index measuring accumulated unresolved model stress across independent datasets.
Let:
x1 = direct dark-matter non-detection pressure
x2 = galaxy rotation residual pressure
x3 = gravitational lensing residual pressure
x4 = Hubble-tension pressure
x5 = early-structure-formation pressure
x6 = dark-energy mechanism pressure
x7 = CMB compatibility pressure
x8 = cross-dataset parameter inconsistency pressure
The total structural divergence pressure is:
P = Σ wi xi
where P is total model-pressure, xi are stress variables, and wi are weighting coefficients determined by data quality, independence, reproducibility, and statistical strength.
Threshold condition:
P > Pc implies that structural transition is required.
A transition may consist of particle discovery, model revision, new field integration, modified gravity, systematic-error correction, or falsification of the informational-geometry hypothesis.
Section 08 — Model Incompleteness and Verification Gap
Current models leave several verification gaps:
A. Dark matter is inferred gravitationally but not directly detected as a particle.
B. Dark energy is fitted through an equation-of-state framework but lacks a settled physical mechanism.
C. Hubble expansion measurements remain in tension under standard assumptions.
D. Some high-redshift observations pressure early structure-formation models.
E. Residual gravitational effects are often modeled through unseen mass distributions rather than independently observed structure.
F. Non-particle alternatives often struggle with cluster collision systems and the CMB acoustic spectrum.
The informational-geometry hypothesis addresses this gap by asking whether information is not only descriptive but structurally causal. However, this claim remains provisional until it produces quantitative predictions.
Section 09 — Signal Divergence Model
Residual divergence is defined as:
D = |O − M|
where O is observed system behavior and M is predicted behavior under a comparison model.
The informational hypothesis is useful only if adding informational-structure terms reduces D across independent datasets without arbitrary tuning.
The hypothesis requires out-of-sample testing. It is insufficient to fit informational terms to one dataset after observing the anomaly. Proxy weights must be defined in advance or trained on one dataset and tested on another.
Section 10 — Dimensionless Informational Structure Proxies
For the hypothesis to be testable, informational geometry must be expressed through measurable proxies. These proxies are not assumed to be the informational field itself. They are measurable traces of where informational structure should be strongest.
All proxy terms must be normalized before combination. Since morphology, density gradients, entropy gradients, and lensing convergence have different physical units, they cannot be summed directly as physical quantities. The indices below are therefore dimensionless statistical proxies.
Let z(X) denote a standardized value of X relative to a bounded comparison population of systems at comparable redshift, baryonic mass scale, observational resolution, and environmental class. This restriction is required so that the proxies measure structural divergence rather than ordinary evolutionary trends, survey-selection effects, or scale-dependent morphology differences.
10.1 Morphological Coherence Index
Galaxies and clusters may be assigned a morphological coherence score based on symmetry, disk regularity, spiral-arm organization, bar structure, halo smoothness, and deviation from random or disrupted morphology.
ICm = α1 z(S) + α2 z(R) + α3 z(A) + α4 z(H) − α5 z(Dm)
where ICm is morphological informational coherence, S is global symmetry, R is rotational organization, A is arm or disk coherence, H is halo smoothness, Dm is disruption or merger irregularity, and αi are preregistered weights.
Prediction: systems with similar baryonic mass but different morphological coherence should show different residual gravitational behavior if informational geometry is physically relevant.
10.2 Topological Connectivity Index
Large-scale structure is distributed through filaments, nodes, sheets, and voids. Informational physics predicts that gravitational residuals may correlate not only with local mass but with position in cosmic-web topology.
ICt = β1 z(Nf) + β2 z(Cn) + β3 z(Fd) − β4 z(Vi)
where ICt is topological informational coherence, Nf is filament connectivity, Cn is node centrality, Fd is local filament density, and Vi is void isolation.
Prediction: residual curvature should vary systematically with cosmic-web connectivity after controlling for baryonic mass and environment.
10.3 Entropy-Gradient Index
If information has physical structure, then sharp changes in entropy, order, or configuration may correspond to measurable geometric effects.
ICe = γ1 z(|∇Sconfig|) + γ2 z(|∇ρb|) + γ3 z(|∇κ|)
where ICe is entropy-gradient informational structure, ∇Sconfig is the configurational-entropy gradient, ∇ρb is the baryonic-density gradient, and ∇κ is the lensing-convergence gradient.
Prediction: residual lensing or rotation effects should be strongest where entropy and structural gradients remain coherent across scale.
10.4 Persistence / Recursion Index
A structure that remains stable across time, scale, or repeated interaction may carry stronger informational coherence than a transient or disorganized structure.
ICp = δ1 z(Tstab) + δ2 z(Rscale) + δ3 z(Crec)
where ICp is persistence coherence, Tstab is estimated structural stability over time, Rscale is repetition of similar geometry across scale, and Crec is recurrence of the same structural pattern in independent observations.
Prediction: persistent structural organization should improve residual prediction compared with mass-only models.
10.5 Residual Curvature Index
The residual curvature index is:
ICr = z(|κobs − κmodel|) or z(|vobs − vmodel|)
where κobs is observed lensing convergence, κmodel is predicted convergence under the comparison model, vobs is observed rotation velocity, and vmodel is predicted velocity from baryonic and standard halo models.
ICr is not an independent explanatory variable if it is derived from the same anomaly being tested. It may be used diagnostically, but confirmation requires independent proxies such as ICm, ICt, ICe, and ICp to predict residual curvature out of sample.
10.6 Composite Informational Coherence Index
A practical test can combine independent proxies:
IC = aICm + bICt + cICe + dICp
where IC is the composite informational coherence index and a–d are weighting coefficients determined through preregistered model comparison or training-validation separation.
Core prediction:
D = |O − M| decreases when IC is included as a model term.
Failure condition: if IC does not reduce residual divergence across independent datasets, the hypothesis is weakened or falsified.
Section 11 — Early-Universe Constraint: CMB Compatibility
The CMB acoustic power spectrum is one of the strongest constraints on any alternative to dark matter. Macro-structural proxies such as galaxy morphology, cosmic-web topology, and cluster persistence did not exist before recombination. Therefore, they cannot explain early-universe dark-matter-like effects.
A complete informational model must include a primordial informational field or perturbation spectrum, denoted I(x,t), with perturbations δI. The model must specify whether δI behaves like an effectively collisionless component, an additional curvature perturbation, or a scalar field coupled to spacetime.
Required early-universe condition:
The informational perturbation model must reproduce the CMB acoustic peak structure, matter power spectrum, and baryon-photon constraints at least as well as the dark-matter component it seeks to replace or supplement.
Failure condition:
If no informational perturbation model can reproduce the CMB angular power spectrum, especially the acoustic peak structure normally attributed to cold dark matter density, the hypothesis is falsified as a full cosmological alternative.
Section 12 — Cluster Collision Constraint: Bullet-Cluster-Type Tests
Cluster collision systems are severe tests because the dominant baryonic component, hot X-ray gas, can separate from the gravitational lensing peaks. If informational geometry is only a proxy for baryonic organization, the model fails in these systems.
To pass, the informational hypothesis must show that the relevant informational structure can track collisionless structural persistence rather than X-ray gas alone. Candidate sources include galaxy phase-space coherence, pre-collision halo topology, persistent gravitational configuration, or nonlocal field memory associated with the collisionless components.
Prediction:
In Bullet-Cluster-type systems, lensing peaks should correlate with independently defined persistence/topology proxies associated with collisionless structural organization, not simply with hot baryonic gas.
Failure condition:
If informational proxies cannot predict lensing peak separation as well as or better than collisionless dark matter, or if they require arbitrary system-specific assumptions, the model fails in cluster collisions.
Section 13 — Pre-Transition Indicators
The hypothesis predicts that before a structural transition occurs, the following indicators should persist or intensify:
continued null results in direct dark-matter searches;
persistent Hubble tension or expansion-history residuals;
lensing residuals not fully explained by baryonic mass or standard halos;
early structure formation appearing faster or more organized than expected;
increased parameter strain in standard models;
greater need for model extensions, auxiliary parameters, or dataset-specific corrections.
Section 14 — Structural Failure Location Hypothesis
Model transition should occur where stress concentration is highest. Relevant test domains include:
low-acceleration galaxy outskirts;
galaxy halos with well-measured baryonic distributions;
cluster collision systems;
cosmic-web nodes and filaments;
high-redshift galaxy and protocluster formation;
CMB acoustic modeling;
CMB/BAO/SN expansion-history comparisons;
direct-detection exclusion limits.
Section 15 — Predicted Structural Outcomes
If structural pressure continues to increase, the system must resolve through one of the following:
A. confirmed dark-matter particle discovery;
B. confirmed dark-energy mechanism;
C. modified-gravity model with superior predictive performance;
D. informational-geometry model with measurable predictive advantage;
E. hybrid model integrating matter, geometry, and informational structure;
F. correction of observational or calibration systematics that removes the pressure.
Section 16 — Transition Likelihood Model
The likelihood of model transition increases as structural pressure increases:
P(Transition | P) increases as P increases.
This does not mean any single anomaly requires a new ontology. It means that persistent, independent, cross-domain divergence increases the probability that some structural revision is required.
Section 17 — Required Tests Using Informational Structure Proxies
Test 1: Lensing–Information Correlation
Construct IC scores for galaxy clusters and lensing systems using morphology, topology, entropy gradients, and persistence. Test whether lensing residuals correlate with IC after controlling for baryonic mass, redshift, environment, and standard halo assumptions.
Confirmation signal: statistically significant correlation between lensing residuals and IC that persists across independent datasets.
Failure condition: lensing residuals show no significant relationship to IC, or the relationship disappears after mass and environment controls.
Test 2: Rotation-Curve Informational Term
Apply IC to galaxy rotation curves. Compare baryons-only models, NFW halo models, MOND-like models, and baryons plus IC.
Confirmation signal: baryons plus IC reduce rotation-curve residuals with fewer arbitrary parameters or better out-of-sample prediction than comparison models.
Failure condition: IC does not improve prediction, requires galaxy-specific tuning, or performs worse than standard dark-matter halo fits.
Test 3: Cosmic-Web Position Test
Measure whether inferred dark-matter-like residuals vary with filament connectivity, node centrality, void proximity, and cosmic-web environment.
Confirmation signal: high-connectivity cosmic-web positions show predictable residual curvature patterns not explained by baryonic mass alone.
Failure condition: residuals show no relationship to cosmic-web topology beyond standard environmental mass effects.
Test 4: Entropy-Gradient / Lensing Boundary Test
In galaxy clusters and collision systems, compare lensing residuals with configurational entropy gradients, baryonic-density gradients, and lensing-convergence gradients.
Confirmation signal: residual curvature is strongest where entropy and structural gradients are coherent across scale.
Failure condition: entropy-gradient measures fail to predict lensing residuals or are fully explained by ordinary matter distribution.
Test 5: Bullet-Cluster-Type Separation Test
Apply informational proxies to systems where baryonic gas, galaxies, and lensing peaks separate.
Confirmation signal: informational topology and persistence measures predict lensing peak locations as well as or better than collisionless dark-matter models.
Failure condition: the model cannot reproduce lensing peak separation or requires arbitrary assumptions not needed by standard dark matter.
Test 6: Early-Universe / CMB Test
Develop a primordial informational perturbation model and compare it against Planck-like CMB constraints, BAO data, and matter power spectra.
Confirmation signal: the informational perturbation model reproduces acoustic peak structure, baryon-photon constraints, and matter power spectrum features with predictive accuracy comparable to or better than ΛCDM.
Failure condition: the model cannot reproduce the CMB acoustic spectrum or requires parameters equivalent to re-labeling cold dark matter.
Test 7: Early Structure Formation Test
Apply informational scaffolding variables to high-redshift galaxy and protocluster formation.
Confirmation signal: early massive galaxies and protoclusters cluster along high-IC regions earlier than expected under matter-only assembly.
Failure condition: JWST, Roman, Euclid, and ground-based observations converge fully with ΛCDM expectations without requiring faster structure formation or any additional organizing variable.
Test 8: Cross-Dataset Predictive Test
Train IC weights on one dataset, such as low-redshift galaxy rotation curves, and test whether the same weights improve prediction in a different dataset, such as weak lensing or cluster residuals.
Confirmation signal: IC improves prediction across datasets without recalibration.
Failure condition: IC works only within one dataset or only after post hoc parameter adjustment.
Section 18 — Preregistration and Training-Validation Protocol
Because the informational coherence index depends on weighted proxy terms, the model must be protected against post hoc fitting. Before any confirmation claim is made, the proxy definitions, comparison populations, training datasets, validation datasets, weighting procedure, exclusion rules, and statistical thresholds should be preregistered.
A suitable protocol would include:
A. fixed definitions for ICm, ICt, ICe, and ICp;
B. fixed comparison populations for each z-score normalization;
C. a declared training dataset, such as a defined subset of low-redshift galaxy rotation curves;
D. a separate validation dataset, such as weak-lensing maps, cluster residuals, or high-redshift structure data;
E. documented weighting procedures for αi, βi, γi, δi, and composite IC coefficients;
F. predefined success thresholds for residual reduction and out-of-sample generalization;
G. predefined failure thresholds for non-correlation, overfitting, or loss of predictive performance;
H. public archiving of code, data selections, derived proxy values, and model outputs where licensing permits.
The preferred implementation is an open-science repository containing the preregistration statement, versioned analysis code, data-access instructions, proxy-construction scripts, and frozen model weights before validation testing begins. Without this separation, the informational coherence index should be treated as exploratory rather than confirmatory.
Section 19 — Observable Confirmation Signals
The hypothesis gains support if:
informational proxies are independently defined before testing;
IC reduces residual divergence across multiple datasets;
the same IC terms generalize across rotation, lensing, and structure formation;
cluster-collision lensing peaks are predicted by persistence/topology proxies;
a primordial informational perturbation model reproduces CMB constraints;
direct-detection experiments continue returning null results across plausible dominant dark-matter parameter space;
expansion-history residuals can be modeled more effectively with informational convergence than with a constant dark-energy parameter alone.
Section 20 — Falsification Criteria
The hypothesis is false if:
a dark-matter particle is confirmed and quantitatively explains the dominant missing-mass observations;
dark-energy observations converge on a standard physical mechanism with no residual informational term required;
informational proxies cannot be defined independently of the anomalies they are meant to explain;
IC fails to reduce residual divergence across independent datasets;
IC succeeds only through post hoc parameter tuning;
lensing, rotation, and early-structure anomalies resolve within ΛCDM or accepted extensions without informational variables;
the model cannot reproduce CMB acoustic peak structure;
the model fails Bullet-Cluster-type lensing separation tests;
the pressure index fails across independent cosmological systems.
Section 21 — Failure Data to Track
Failure data include:
confirmed WIMP, axion, sterile-neutrino, primordial-black-hole, or other dark-matter candidate sufficient to explain cosmic dark matter;
future weak-lensing surveys showing no non-mass informational residuals;
JWST/Roman/Euclid data eliminating early-structure pressure;
Hubble tension resolving through calibration or standard physics alone;
BAO/SN/CMB datasets converging without an informational field term;
rotation-curve tests showing no improvement over existing models;
Bullet-Cluster-type systems consistently favoring collisionless dark matter over informational geometry;
CMB acoustic modeling requiring a cold-dark-matter component with no viable informational equivalent.
Section 22 — Real-World Implications
A. Domain-Level Impact
If validated, dark matter and dark energy would be partly reinterpreted as signatures of omitted informational geometry rather than entirely separate substances. Cosmology would shift from a two-component ontology of matter-energy and spacetime toward a three-component ontology of matter-energy, spacetime, and information.
B. Predictive Capability
Prediction would shift from time-based extrapolation alone toward structural-pressure forecasting. Where residual pressure accumulates across independent datasets, model transition becomes more likely.
C. Measurement and Instrumentation
New metrics would be required: informational density, coherence gradients, entropy curvature, topology-pressure indices, structural persistence metrics, primordial informational perturbation spectra, and residual curvature maps.
D. Engineering and Application Layer
If information has geometric consequences, future research may investigate controlled informational coherence, geometry-energy coupling, field-structure engineering, and new approaches to advanced propulsion or vacuum-energy modeling. These applications remain speculative unless the cosmological tests produce measurable support.
E. Cross-Domain Transferability
The same pressure-transition logic may apply to other complex systems, including biology, organizations, markets, technological systems, and social systems, where hidden structure governs visible outcomes.
F. Decision-Making and Policy Impact
Institutions could use structural-pressure indices to identify when models are failing before crisis becomes obvious. In cosmology, this would mean ranking research priorities by accumulated residual pressure rather than by theoretical preference alone.
G. Discovery Implications
High divergence plus high structural pressure implies that an omitted variable, measurement error, model boundary failure, or category error should be actively searched.
H. Limitation and Boundary Conditions
The model does not apply where standard models fully explain observations, where informational variables cannot be independently defined, or where added terms merely rename dark matter without predictive advantage. It must be treated as a hypothesis, not a conclusion.
Section 23 — Final Test Statement
Cosmological missing-component anomalies accumulate measurable structural pressure. If informational geometry is physically relevant, independently defined informational-structure proxies should reduce residual divergence across galaxy rotation, gravitational lensing, cosmic-web topology, expansion-history, early-structure, and cluster-collision datasets. A complete version of the model must also reproduce CMB acoustic constraints through a primordial informational perturbation field or equivalent covariant mechanism.
If P > Pc and no transition, discovery, model revision, or predictive improvement occurs, the structural-pressure hypothesis fails.
If IC does not reduce D = |O − M| across independent datasets, the informational-geometry hypothesis is falsified.
If no covariant informational field theory can reproduce early-universe and cluster-collision constraints, the hypothesis cannot become a viable replacement or supplement to dark-sector cosmology.
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